Informative Essay Samples 7th Grade

Informative Essay Samples 7th GradeSo you've decided to write a 7th grade informational essay for your school project, but don't know how to do it? Do you want to find an easy way to write your essay so that you can avoid as much as possible the headache and disappointment of having a horrible grade?Finding the important thing to focus on is one of the most important things you have to do. You can't spend too much time trying to remember your topic, because you will forget it before you finish writing it. Your topic should be something that will make the reader want to continue reading.You need to get yourself a list of keywords that will make people look for what you are writing about. You might want to consider the meaning of your topic before choosing your keywords. Make sure you know the main ideas behind the topic, and do you have the original thought. These can come in handy if you make some suggestions or comments that seem out of place.Next, you need to know what point you wa nt to emphasize. Some topics simply need to be told, while others require more discussion and background knowledge. You might want to read the books you are going to use. This way, you will learn more about the topic, and you will also read it in an easier way. In short, you need to get something out of it, besides the writing.The third most important thing is to think about the voice of your essay. You should write an article that has a conversational tone, and if possible, in a voice that reflects how you write. This way, you will end up getting a more honest opinion from your readers.Fourth, keep your work organized. Be careful when looking for relevant articles online, and do not be afraid to bookmark them. It might be more convenient to do it that way, but bookmarking saves time. You should only include relevant things and give each point a well thought-out description.These are the most important things you need to do if you want to finish the project successfully. You can do them all by yourself, or you can ask the guidance of a professional. It all depends on how much time you have. You can always find a professional to help who knows how to properly organize your information.

Investment Bank Reputation Information Production And Financial Intermediaries Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1814 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The article is a joint work of Thomas J Chemmanur and Paolo Fulghieri, it speaks about the reputation building of an investment bank, how information production and work of their underwriters help the banks build as well as break their reputation in the equity market. It calculates the reputation of a bank for entrepreneur and investor based on a virtual model created by them based on the real life market. About the Authors: The article is written by Thomas J Chemmanur and Paolo Fulghieri, this article was published by Blackwell Publishing for American Finance Association, in its The Journal of Finance, Vol 149 No.1; Mar 94; Pg. 57-79. Mr. Chemmanur is a professor of finance in Boston College in USA; with his research activities he has made a commendable contribution to the field of finance, which has also fetched him awards. Mr. Fulghieri is a professor of finance at the Kenan Flagler Business School, he is PhD in Economics, 1987 from University of Pennsylvania. He has contributed a lot towards the field of finance through his research and study; also he has been awarded many times for his papers, articles and researches. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment Bank Reputation Information Production And Financial Intermediaries Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Evaluation: The work is not completely original; up to some extend it is an extension to the work of authors like Leland Pyle (1977), Campbell Kracaw (1980) and Kreps Wilson (1982), etc. Relevant examples and references are quoted wherever required to support their findings and suggestions, but authenticity and co-relation of these examples and references needs to be checked, whether they are on the same lines or not. To make their research the authors have developed a virtual model based on the real market situations, and as prevailing in the market, there are 3 agents in the model, 1. Entrepreneur 2. Investment Banker 3. Investor They have quoted that the investment banks charge high fees for their service and a lot has been written about the reputation of the investment bank, but the fact remains very clear that major responsibility of either overpricing or under pricing of the assets of entrepreneur depends upon the skills and work of the underwriter who assess the assets of the entrepreneur and does not solely depends upon the reputation or brand name of the bank. Also, that the high fees are charged because high cost is being incurred on the information gathering and setting evaluation standards. Moreover, their model just doesnt include firms dealing in IPOs but also includes firms dealing into seasonal equity issues, bond or debt market, etc. Their research in this article has given the most importance to the underwriter and also that the fees of the bank just doesnt depends on banks reputation but also on underwriters reputation, and that underwriters fees also increases with their reputation. At one point, they have related their model to product market also, where an e.g. of Allen (1984) Shapiro (1983) is quoted. They say that, like fear of running reputation may prevent manufacturer of experience goods (these are the goods whose quality can be known only after purchasing, because they lower the product quality in order to gain shore term profit). But unlike, manufacturer in product market, investment banker plays the role of mediator or middleman in the equity market, and therefore does not has all the information. Rather has only that information which the entrepreneur wishes them to have. Therefore they say that if the banker ones overprice or underprice the project that doesnt hamper the reputation of the bank much. They also, give a suggestion that to lessen the moral hazard feeling of being cheated in investors by investing a huge amount in the overpriced shares themselves; this may lessen the risk of spoiling the banks reputation. The model of reputation acquisition by investment banks, have very well exhibited that reputation acquisition plays a critical role in enabling intermediaries to function as information producers. They have also laid down some formulas for calculating the reputation of the based on their model, which is not supported by any practical example of a real investment bank, which they should have done to make their article more realistic and applicable. Therefore, it seems it may not be practically possible to calculate reputation of a bank based on formulas. Moreover, a firm going for public listing can afford to calculate the formula and derive the reputation, but a common investor who invests one to ten thousand GBP cannot afford to make calculation to calculate the reputation, that to of a middleman. Therefore, if the authors would have developed a more realistic based reputation calculation method, it would have been more useful to the retail investors. A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ARTICLE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INVESTMENT BANKING CONFLICT OF INTEREST OR CERTIFICATION ROLE? Introduction: An article on similar grounds but different base as previous ones has been written by Prof. Manju Puri when doing her research from Stanford University. The article talks about the era before The Glass-Steagall Act was implemented in 1933, when the commercial banks were authorized to function as underwriter for corporate securities. She discusses and analyses that whether the commercial banks who finance the project, also underwriting corporate securities, whether it hampers the reputation of bank or not. About the Author: This article has been written by Manju Puri in The Journal of Financial Economics Vol 40, Issue March96), Pg. 373-401. Manju Puri is a PhD in Finance from New York University, she started her career with HSBC and now working as a professor of finance and research fellow in Duke University. She has won many awards honours grants for her research and papers book publication from Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, etc. which suffice the authenticity if this article. She wrote this article when she was working with Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford. Evaluation: Like previous article the author here also speaks about reputation of investment banks (hereafter referred as investment house), but in different perspective, i.e. she has compared investment houses reputation with commercial banks reputation. She has also projected the possible hazard when commercial banks who are into financing and providing commercial loans to entrepreneurs, when theses banks function as a investment house for the same entrepreneur, is this information biased? Her article discusses a different dimenstion about the reputation of investment bank. Real life law and statutes are being explained and taken into consideration for proving her point, like The Glass-Steagall Act (1933). The pre Glass-Steagall Act period has been examined in this paper. The commercial banks are prohibited from underwriting corporate securities in USA after The Glass-Steagall Act (1933), but in some countries like India no such act has been levied and commercial banks are still permit ted to underwrite the corporate securities, so the validity of this paper is limited to some countries only. This article tried to find answer for a very significant question, whether the evidence regarding conflicts of interest, support the concern of those opposed to The Glass-Steagall Act deregulation? And she has also managed to get the answer by analyzing the pricing of securities underwritten by commercial bank in pre Glass-Steagall period. She says that to understand whether the conflicts of interest is reflected in the security price, and it is important to understand underwriters incentive in certifying securitys value. The commercial bank while processing loans obtain personal and private information about the firm which is generally not known to the investors. Therefore, the commercial banks have more information than investment house even after incurring high-cost on information gathering and commercial bank certification have a stronger effect than that of investm ent house. What commercial bank does is that they weigh the security strong when they finance the project so that from the proceeding the firm can pay back their loan, and protect their own self interest, at the expense of outside investors, and because investment house do not engage themselves in loan making they do not have such personal interest and tend to be more credible certifier. She also quotes that investors should understand the pattern that, if the issue is rated lower that means the conflict of interest of the bank is stronger than investment house and if the bank issued higher rate than the conflict of interest is lower than that of investment hous. For better understanding and clear presentation of information, the paper is divided into sub sections i.e. Section 1: Sample Selection. Section 2: Methods and Results. Section 3. Examines Certification Effect. Section 4: Conclusion. Section 1: Sample Selection: The data is collected on sample basis as listed below: Data is collected pre Glass-Steagall period i.e. 01/01/1927 to 30/09/1929, this period is before the application of Glass-Steagall Act. Data collected is measurable on front of size of issue, age of firm and the underlying security credit ration associated with issue. Section 2: Methods and Results: All the tests done are well explained this section with their results, some of them is as listed below: The basic null hypothesis test is used for results. Univariate Test: the results are tabulated for better reading, understanding and analyzing. Multivariated Test: the results are tabulated for better reading, understanding and analyzing. Prohibit Tests. Selectivity bias adjustments: the results are tabulated for better reading, understanding and analyzing. Section 3. Examines Certification Effect: Her findings from the tests showed that commercial banks underwriting has lower yields than investment house underwriting, to ensure that the incentives, that the banks get are driving the results she formulated additional tests, which showed that banks certification is highest when banks have access to more private information than investment house, accordingly she conducted some more tests on various kinds of issues and showed results in tabular format: Foreign Government Bonds v/s Industrial Bonds (corporate bonds). Industrial Bonds v/s Industrial Preferred Stocks. New v/s Seasoned Offerings. Non-investigating Grade Security v/s Investment Grade Security. In House Bond Underwriting v/s Affiliate Underwriting. Section 4: Conclusion: The paper examines that there are two types of intermediaries for issue of equity, i.e. bank and investment house. The loan resources that bank have at risk, gives them access to private information at little cost, as compared to investment house, which may under produce information, because of high cost of production. In general, the results drawn from this article confronts the hypothesis outline in Section 1 and 4. The test also supported the idea that investments perceived banks as being valuable certifiers of firms value. Conclusion: After evaluating both the articles I conclude the following: One reason why investment houses have to strive more to build reputation in equity market is that their underwriters have access to firms limited information. The investors believe that banks have more personal and private information of the firm and therefore find banks certification more reliable and this also hampers the repute of the investment house. The reputation of investment house just does not depends up on their on past performance and evaluation standards but also depends on their competitors performance and evaluation standards.

Do Mergers Add Value to Business - 1527 Words

Academic Practice for Business CONTENTS Introduction Definition of Mergers Merging Intelligently Steps for Merger Success Reasons for Failure in Mergers Analysis TATA group the market Pioneers Tata Steel Tata Teleservices Do Mergers add value to business? Introduction In a times where there is cut throat competition for even the biggies, organizations who have been playing since many decades and the rulers of economy it became a concern for them for how to survive? Here in cropped up the Idea of MERGERS. Well, whether a Merger adds value to business cannot be answered in a yes or a No. This depends on what kind of a Merger that is. The following essay will comprise of some successes as well as mergers†¦show more content†¦It could be A) Unfocused approach or demotivated employees B) Not enough funds C) Cultural differences D) Disregard of the main business Point A implies that a lot times a Merger is happening for the sake of it as in just because it’s a trend and it would bring the organization in the news. It may happen not for a real Business cause but for having media attention. Here the Banking institution or the Lawyer normally tries to be diplomatic and never corrects or advice their possible clients in order for their own interests being served. Point B implies that a lot of time when the organizations keep their finances as secrets or they hold it onto the last minute to open up about their finances it is sometimes too late by then. Point C says clearly that two different geographical locations or different cultures could pose problems within the managements and operation style. Point D reflects that a lot of times when there are more than required post-merger meetings, concentrating on excessive cost cutting, or social gatherings more than what is required, it happens that the employee starts to loose onto interest. It could even be when the revenues are much less than what’s expected that the motivation of the employee sways away. 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The Stone Carvers free essay sample

Obsession in The Stone Carvers The Stone Carvers is a book of obsessions. Each one of the characters has their own obsessions that at one point they believe to be a natural and helpful to their lives. However each of the characters in The Stone Carvers learns that these obsessions with perfection, love, adventure, or anything end without them being able to be satisfied and on many occasions without achieving what they were obsessing over. The author Jane Urquhart made a compelling story on the nature obsession and the effects of obsession over any matter. The characters of the novel were fixated on a large range of ideas; they were obsessed with ideas from love to architecture and because of the diversity that Jane has shown that obsession of any form will always end without resolve. The conclusion about obsession can be grasped through the various trials that each character of the story is placed under. In The Stone Carvers Urquhart is able to show that obsession can never lead to a successful happiness, through a few powerful ideas; when someone is fixated on an idea the task may not be able to be completed, a person’s obsession can be counterproductive to their cause, and fixating on one thing can cause the person to lose track of the rest of their life. When someone is fixated on one task or idea their obsession may not ever be complete in their eyes. In Klara’s love affair with Eamon, Klara is obsessed with staying with and caring for Eamon. When Klara was not with Eamon she was thinking of him; â€Å"All the rest of the day she was thinking of the moments when Eamon’s arm was on her shoulder or his hands were in her hair.† (pg. 121) This obsession of love seems like a natural and healthy idea to have however Klara’s work begins to be influenced by their love and she begins to be jealous of anyone with a relationship with Eamon. Klara becomes particularly upset at one point she exclaimed â€Å"I saw you laughing, Eamon, with your friends outside the brewery. I think you’d forgotten me altogether, that’s what I think.† (pg. 117) Klara’s obsession with Eamon was never able to be complete because she would never be able to complete her storybook obsession of loving him and him loving her. Her obsession eventually led to an extended period of grieving her lost lover. Sometimes an obsession with something can actually blind the obsessed person  into actually being counterproductive to their goals. In a minor case in The Stone Carvers Refuto, who broke down because he held himself responsible for his brother’s death, ran from his family to not bear with the pain of reuniting with them. Refuto’s reasoning for not going back to his family was that: â€Å"I could not put the burden of a killer on their shoulders.† (pg. 211) Refuto was obsessed with keeping his name clean and his family safe. When he ran away from home however his family was left to fend for themselves and live without his support. When he and Tilman had become friends was the only time that he realized he had been hurting his friends with his own obsession. When Refuto did get over his obsession and went home, his wife and he talked at length about the family and how they were able to get along for so long without him. Refuto said that â€Å"I was gone but Tilman told me to come back.† (pg. 215) Since his departure Refuto was able to â€Å"clear my head in four directions at once.† (pg. 215) This fixation on Refuto’s name had kept him away from his family but finally he was able to go back and correct what his obsession did to him. His obsession had blinded him to the harm that his actions had caused to his family. Instead of helping keep his family safe he was only harming it and only once he accepted that he had an unhealthy obsession was he able to return to his life with his family. When someone is fixated on an idea they tend to lose focus on other important aspects of their lives. In The Stone Carvers an example of this would be in Tilman and Klara’s mother, Helga. Helga had recently mourned what she thought was her son’s death and became obsessed, as soon as Tilman came home, with controlling where Tilman went and how he would live. Tilman however â€Å"responded neither to her questions nor her attempts at incarceration and intimidation but looked at her with confusion on his perfect face.† (pg. 63) Helga became so hysterically obsessed with keeping him with her that eventually she chained Tilman to the house however â€Å"Helga would never recover – not from his imprisonment and not from his escape.†(pg. 67) Tilman screamed and refused to eat while he was chained and his mother only then realized that she had made a mistake in obsessing over keeping Tilman caged. She pushed Tilman away with her passions for keeping him with her. The Stone Carvers shows that someone who is obsessed  with an idea or task is more prone to making mistakes or causing a problem in a related aspect of their life. Throughout the book Jane was able to show her views on obsessions in persuasive undertones and themes throughout the entire novel. Jane was able to show that no matter how justified a fixation may seem the outcome is always negative. Throughout the novel the theme of obsession can be seen from the minor characters all the way to the major events of the story. Jane makes her case with many examples of the ways obsession can lead to the destruction of a person. She does this through showing that when someone has an obsession they might never be able to complete, a person’s obsession could be counterproductive to their cause, and fixating on one idea can cause the person to lose track of the important parts in their life. The persuasive undertones in the story are able to clearly convey the message of obsession being something that only harms the obsessed person. Walter Allward once said â€Å"I have been eating and sleeping stone for so long it has become an obsession with me. And incidentally, a nightmare.† (pg. VI) The inspiration for such a great novel and theme can be found in this quote because the amount of emotion that went into Walter’s work on the Vimy Ridge Memorial but also the tragic way Walter was unable to be truly happy after his most amazing creation.

The Grand Canyon free essay sample

The Grand Canyon National Park contains one of the most well known natural wonders of our country: The Grand Canyon. It is located in Arizona. Over the years, the Grand Canyon has attracted many visitors, and today the park sees nearly five million visitors yearly (NPS, History Culture). It has always been a target for human interest, going back to the days where Native Americans ruled the land and continuing through present times. However, like the rest of our natural world, the Grand Canyon faces many threats, mainly due to humans. What are these things that threaten the Grand Canyon, what is being done to combat them, and what else can be done to protect the Grand Canyon National Park? Within the Grand Canyon lays the Colorado River, which scientists believe carved it out 17 million years ago, much earlier than the previous estimate of 6 million years (Wilford). The river consumes the area over time, eventually forming the magnificent canyon that we see today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grand Canyon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The canyon runs east-west so it has a North Rim and a South Rim. The Grand Canyon is 277 miles long, 18 miles wide and 5,000 feet deep (Grand Canyon Facts). It contains several ecosystems and hundreds of unique species of animals and over a thousand species of plants (Grand Canyon Facts). The Grand Canyon contains very old objects that date from up to 12,000 years ago (NPS, History Culture), back to early Native American culture. Therefore, it has been known to, used by, and been occupied by humans for a very long time. According to the U. S. National Park Service, â€Å"the park has recorded over 4,800 archeological resources with an intensive survey of nearly Le 2 3% of the park area† (NPS, History Culture). The Grand Canyon was first given federal protection in 1893, but it wasn’t for nearly another 30 years that it would become a National Park. This happened in 1913, three years after the National Park Service was created (NPS, History Culture). The Grand Canyon is thus one of the oldest national parks in the country. Before it became a national park and a magnet for tourism, the Grand Canyon attracted explorers, pioneers, and corporations looking to harness resources from it. Being a national, the Grand Canyon has always been a target of conservation. The first such effort was started by Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 put people to work who were jobless due to the Great Depression (NPS, CCC). He created the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and filled it using poor and unemployed men. It lasted for nine years, and during its time they traveled around the country completing conservation projects at national parks and other sites. They engaged in projects such as â€Å"tree planting, trail construction, erosion control, forest fire fighting, state park development, and fire road construction† (NPS, CCC). According to the National Park Service, four federal agencies were used to make sure that the CCC was successful. The Department of Labor selected the workers, The Department of War transported, supervised, and managed their care, and the Departments of Agriculture and Interior designed the projects and supervised the Corps. What types of threats does the Grand Canyon face today? Well, there are many in fact. Due to pollution, building, and other human activities, nature is Le 3 often thrown out of balance, and without further human intervention to reverse these problems, natural habitats are threatened. According to a report by the National Parks Conservation Association, one challenge is â€Å"Colorado River management actions that do not incorporate adaptive strategies for protecting and restoring fish, river flows, riverine habitats, cultural sites, and archaeological resources along the river corridor† NPCA, 3). Other problems include sounds cape management, such as over flights that can disturb visitors, wildlife, and the 11 Native American tribes which live in the park (NPCA, 3). Greater and better relationships with these tribes are also wanted. Mining activities from the past and present, along with air pollution from nearby areas also pose threats to the health of the park. Due to environmental change, the canyon even faces threats from non-native animals intruding. According to Anne Minard of the High Country News, drought has recently brought bison into the park. They were originally taken into Arizona for an experiment to breed them with cattle, although that failed (Minard). â€Å"Biologists with the National Park Service say the huge animals (males can weigh up to 2,500 pounds) are wallowing in riparian areas and damaging cultural sites. They considered building a fence, but that would affect other wildlife, such as mule deer† (Minard). The NPCA also states that there are â€Å"front country and backcountry management and protection needs, particularly in regard to the challenges of park size, visitation patterns, and shortfalls in funding, which compromise efforts to preserve and protect the park’s resources. † Finally, the Grand Canyon faces the threat of climate change, like much of the Le 4 rest of the world. The Grand Canyon faces threats to its land, water, resources, wildlife, and even people. What are some things being done to address these problems and what more can be done to do so? The NPCA addresses each problem and makes recommendations. The river must go back to a more natural state, with a reduction in rafting and non-native oceangoing animals. The NPCA also recommends restorative flows to the river. For noise pollution, the park should prohibit flights and certain areas and put a cap on air tours. Mining is one thing that is already been addressed. The report states that â€Å"The Secretary of the Interior has temporarily barred the filing of new mining claims — including those for uranium — on the nearly one million acres of public land surrounding the Grand Canyon. † The NPCA recommends that Congress pass an act to permanently ban mining on these public lands. Since the park has no authority over air pollution from other areas, it must rely on government regulation to cut down on pollution. The park should press the government to continue regulating pollution. In 1991, environmental groups and a nearby Navajo electrical plant agreed to â€Å"drastically cut sulfur-dioxide emissions,† (Air Pollution) but there is still more to be done. As for non-native animals, greater effort must be undertaken to make sure that they are removed and that more are not brought in. When it comes to park management, the park needs more resources and funding to ensure that visitors have a great and safe experience and that all buildings and structures in the park are in good Le 5 condition. For building ties with the Native American tribes, the park should make them more involved and known to visitors, through areas like history, art, and â€Å"cultural significance† (NPCA, 4). When it comes to climate change, this is another thing that is beyond the park’s control, as it is a global event. The whole world must take action against climate change in order for both the Grand Canyon National Park and the Earth itself to be protected. â€Å"Grand Canyon Park Supervisor Steve Martin said he generally agrees with the report’s findings† (O’Keefe). The Grand Canyon Chapter of the Sierra Club, an environmental organization, has been working with the park for years on protecting its environment. The chapter aims to fight against climate change and preserve wildlife. Some of their objectives include stopping mining in the park and the surrounding region, limit off-road vehicle activity in the area, convince Congress to pass the Grand Canyon Watersheds Protection Act, and â€Å"promote resilient habitats† (Sierra Club). In conclusion, there are many things that threaten this grand park, and there are many challenges ahead for preserving the Grand Canyon.

Respiratory System Essays - Infectious Diseases, RTT, Free Essays

Respiratory System Essays - Infectious Diseases, RTT, Free Essays Respiratory System Respiratory System The main organs of the respiratory system are the lungs, trachea, bronchioles, mouth, nose and epiglottis. The accessory organs are the bladder, lungs, large intestine, kidney and pancreases. Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System The respitory system tract is divided into the upper and lower regions. The upper respoitory tract includes the nasal passages, sinuses, and the throat area where the epiglottis and larynx are located. The lungs are a pair of large , spongy organs found in the thorax lateral to the heart and superior to the diagram. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural membrane that provides the ling with space to expand as well as a negative pressure space relative to the bodies exterior The Bronchi and bronchioles is located at the interior end of the trachea, the airway splits into left and right branches known as the primary bronchi. The left and right bronchi runs into each lung before branching off. The main function of the bronchi is to carry air from the trachea into the lungs. Larynx also known as the voice box , is a short section of the airway that connects the larynopharynx and the trachea. The larynx is located in the anterior portion of the neck. Several structure make up the larynx and gives it its structure. Pneumonia and its Causes Pneumonia is a lower respitory infection by bacterial , viral, or fungal pathogens. Pneumonia can be acquired from the general community or from exposure in a long term care facility. The most common symptoms of pneumonia are: Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever, which may be mild or high Shaking chills Shortness of breath, which may only occur when you climb stair Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Headache Excessive sweating and clammy skin Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Confusion, especially in older people Symptoms also can vary, depending on whether your pneumonia is bacterial or viral. Causes of Pneumonia What Causes Pneumonia? Viruses cause many cases of pneumonia, but bacteria are the most common cause of pneumonia in adults over the age of 30. Fungi can also cause pneumonia. Many of these germs are all around us. They usually can't get past a healthy person's natural defenses. Pneumonia is most common in those with weaker or compromised immune systems, elderly people, cigarette smokers, alcoholics, and people suffering from other diseases such as the flu. Pneumonia Diagnosis and Prevention Pneumonia can be hard to diagnose because it may seem like a cold or the flu. You may not realize it's more serious until it lasts longer than these other conditions. Your doctor will diagnose pneumonia based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. Chest X Ray-achest x rayis a painless test that creates pictures of the structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. A chest x ray is the best test for diagnosing pneumonia. However, this test won't tell your doctor what kind of germ is causing the pneumonia. Blood Tests- Blood testsinvolve taking a sample of blood from a vein in your body. A complete blood count (CBC) measures many parts of your blood, including the number of white blood cells in the blood sample. The number of white blood cells can show whether you have a bacterial infection. Amoxicillin Amoxicillin(Amoxil) is from the same family of antibiotics as penicillin. AMOXIL is used to treat a range of infections caused by bacteria. These may be infections of the chest (pneumonia), tonsils (tonsillitis), sinuses (sinusitis), urinary and genital tract, skin and fleshy tissues. AMOXIL works by killing the bacteria that cause these infections. It can also be used to prevent infection. The drug is absorbed rapidly by the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and is stable in the presence of gastric acid. Common amoxicillin side effects may include: stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; vaginal itching or discharge; headache; or swollen, black, or "hairy" tongue. Amoxicillin cont. Do not use this medication if you are allergic to amoxicillin or to any other penicillin antibiotic, such as ampicillin (Principen, Unasyn), dicloxacillin (Dycill, Dynapen), oxacillin (Bactocill), or penicillin (Bicillin L-A, PC Pen VK, Pfizerpen), and others. Before using amoxicillin, tell your doctor if you are allergic to cephalosporin's such as Omnicef, Cefzil, Ceftin, Keflex, and others. Also tell your doctor if you have asthma, liver or kidney disease, a bleeding or blood clotting disorder, mononucleosis (also called "mono"), or any type of allergy. Amoxicillin can make birth control pills less effective Zithromax (azithromycin) Thismedicationis an antibiotic used to treat certainbacterial infections. This medication is known as a macrolide (erythromycin-type) antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication is used to treatlunginfections (pneumonia) or female pelvic infections caused by bacteria. Azithromycin comes

Primer of Biostatistics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Primer of Biostatistics - Term Paper Example During data analysis, quite often, either of descriptive statistics or inferential statistics methodologies is employed. Descriptive statistics (which unlike inferential statistics is not developed on the basis of probability theory) basically refers to the discipline of quantitatively describing the main features of a collection of data while inferential statistics on the other hand denotes the process of arriving at conclusions from data open to random or sampling variations (such as observational errors) (Graham, pg.40). Statistics is a wide field of study, probably one of the broadest disciplines available, with a plethora of applications too. The topic of ‘Fields of Application of Statistics’ is a rich topic in itself and one that sparks a lot of interest both to scholars and professions globally. Some of the sub-topics herein include actuarial science, astro-statistics, business analytics, chemo-metrics, demography, econometrics, environmental statistics, epidemiology, geo statistics, operations research, population ecology, statistical thermodynamics, and biostatistics and so on (Graham, pg.82). This paper deals with the biostatistics aspect of statistics. Biostatistics, commonly referred to as biometry, is the use of statistics in a wide range of topics in biology. Biostatistics deals with the design of biological experiments (such as in medicine, agriculture, pharmacy, fishery, etc), the collection, summarization and analysis of collected information from the experiments, followed by the interpretation of, and interference from, the results. Biostatistics is a combination of mathematics and reasoning, it considers how research questions are generated, studies are designed, data are collected and results interpreted. If the samples one takes are representative of the population of interest, they will provide good estimates concerning the overall population (Hubert).