The Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck

Set in the swallowing depression of the 1920’s, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck provides a hallowing, realistic view into the plight of the proletariat farmer and the exploitation that was all too common during the Great Depression by major corporations. Steinbeck’s literary work serves as a window into the world of the great depression by not only providing a narrative history of the era, but also giving faces to the nameless victims through the characters of Tom Joad, the lead protagonist of the story and Ma, the archetypal matriarch of the house in this 1930’s piece of literature. Steinbeck also uses key stylistic tools to further enlighten and inform the reader to the plight of the farmers and poor folk of the 1930’s. The†¦show more content†¦For the farmers, the combined years of drought, price caps set by the federal government to maintain low prices during World War I, and artificial inflation of the value of major farming corporation s had led to a scenario that can only be dubbed the perfect storm of the farming industry. Many farmers found themselves out of work by 1925 with millions being forced off their properties as the banks reposed land bought on credit much the same as the stocks that caused the market crash of 1929. The embodiment of the countless millions who lost their farms and land is portrayed through the primary protagonist, Tom Joad. Tom represents the common man of the late twenties and early thirties. After being paroled from prison for homicide he returns to his family’s home in Oklahoma, only to find it abandoned as the dust bowl had ravaged the land much the same as countless other farmers of the time. On his way back from prison to his family’s farm Tom reveals his most earnest quality, his honesty and ability to call things as he sees them. Tom realizes that the large corporations are exploiting everyday people and expresses this belief by saying, †sometimes a guy ll be a good guy even if some rich bastard makes him carry a sticker.† (Steinbeck, 11). To the truck driver who refuses him a ride at first due to the corporate sticker stating â€Å"no hitch hikers allowed† clearly on the

Human Development And Family Relations - 1556 Words

Psychology is the scientific studies of the human mind, functions and their behavior Psychology primarily focuses on those demonstrating behavior in certain given context, seeking to understand and explain thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Research psychologist studies exciting opportunities in psychology; it looks at various branches in the field of psychological research, for example, in clinical psychology, which includes both scientific research, focusing on the search for general principles, and clinical service, focusing on the study and care of clients, and information gathered from each of these activities influences practice and research., development psychology focuses on behaviors and conducts, while trying to understand the formation of its studies. The field of psychology commonly uses experimental methods in what is known as experimental psychology. Researchers design experiments to test specific hypotheses, or to evaluate functional relationships. My paper will attempt to look at why people are subjected to authority figures, on their obedience to auth ority figures. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY RELATIONS: Professionals rely on research findings. For example, counselors need to know about the latest advances in family or play therapy techniques. A physician may examine the most effective way to help elderly adults cope with loss of memory skills. A pediatric RN nurse, working with chronically ill children may find ways to reduce children s fear of medicalShow MoreRelatedCounselling Theories Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Counselling Theories Assessment 1 1. Explain the concept of nature versus nurture, using yourself as a case study to illustrate the theory. The concept of nature versus nurture is that human behaviour is influenced by genetic information inherited from our parents and also by environmental and social influences. My appearance such as short sightedness and pigmentation (freckles) I inherited from my parents. 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Marketing Strategy Sealed Air vs Gafcel free essay sample

The investment may be $300 million to $500 million, giving Facebook an overall value of $10 billion, the newspaper reported on its website, citing unidentified people familiar with the matter. The talks are still preliminary, and Google has also expressed interest. For Facebook, the talks come about one year after a proposed deal with Yahoo collapsed. Facebook then was said to be seeking more than the $1. 65 billion Google paid for YouTube and considerably more than the $580 million News Corp. paid for MySpace in 2005. This move by Microsoft will help bring the software giant further into the realms of the internet. While already synonymous with operating systems and office productivity software, the company hasnt really taken off in areas that rival Google has exceeded in. Investing in Facebook will offer a jump-off platform to get new online software out to the public. There has already been cases of developers selling their applications after theyve become popular on Facebook. News of the talks between Microsoft and Facebook came on the heels of reports of a high-level, confidential meeting at Google on Friday 21. 9. 2007 in which several executives and investors discussed Facebook. Participants were required to sign non-disclosure agreements, but Michael Arrington of the blog TechCrunch reported that three participants said Facebook was the central topic. He reported that a group of industry luminaries attended a cloak-and-dagger meeting at Googles headquarters to discuss how to deal with Facebook, whose 40-million-plus users arent the issue so much as its open development platform. Arrington said not one but three sources fed him the info. If there is a shred of proof to this leak, I cant help but believe Google has abandoned its attempt to grab a stake in Facebook and that this move is a declaration of all-out war against a company it perceives as a threat to its online advertising business said Joe Wilcox of Microsoft Watch . If there is any fact to the rumours, one thing is for sure Microsoft and Facebook are keeping quiet on any negotiations that are taking place. It develops, manufactures, licenses and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Its headquarters are in Redmond, Washington, USA. Although, best selling products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software with which Bill Gates got in line with his vision to get a workstation running our software onto every desk and eventually in every home. These products have prominent positions in the desktop computer market, with market share estimates as high as 90% or more as of 2003 for Microsoft Office and 2006 for Microsoft Windows. Microsoft was founded to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. However, they rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s. On November 20, 1985, Microsoft released its first retail version of Microsoft Windows, originally a graphical extension for its MS-DOS operating system. In 1989, Microsoft introduced its most successful office product, Microsoft Office. In addition, the true glory came with Windows 95, since more than a million copies of Microsoft Windows 95 were sold in the first four days after its release. March 13, 1986 the company went public with an initial public offering (IPO) in the stock market. Starting initial offering price was $21. 00 and at the end of the first day of trading the price stopped at US $28. 00. Moreover, due to the ensuing rise of the stock price, it has made four billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. The greatest projects that followed were: Internet Explorer, MSN, Windows 98, Xbox, Windows Vista, other versions of Microsoft. On the other hand, throughout its history the company has been the target of criticism for various reasons, including monopolistic business practices both the U. S. Justice Department and the European Commission, among others, brought Microsoft to court for antitrust violations and software bundling . Finally, future projects of Microsoft are best illustrated with next words: â€Å"We’re focusing more on research than ever. We’re building the technology that will enable computers to see, listen, speak, and learn so people can interact with them as naturally as they interact with other people. — Bill Gates, Microsoft chairman and chief software architect . The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry is near to what an economist terms a monopsony – a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. In our case, we can speak about oligopoly, few corporations share the market and there are many customers . Microsoft has got a dominant position on the market of the computer technology, but one the internet technology, Microsoft is sharing the market with the giant Google. Microsoft has got a competitive advantage with its feedbacks, it has been successful. This table outline some factors that determine buyer power and the application of those factors in Microsoft case . Buyers are powerful if:Microsoft case: Buyers are concentrated- few buyers with significant market share Microsoft has an important place on this market but is not the number one3 Buyers purchase a significant proportion of output-distribution of purchasesMicrosoft is going to obtain 5% of the society at $400 millions Buyers possess a credible backward integration threat-can treaten to buy producing firm or rivalMicrosoft has already demonstrated its abilities hen he worked with Dream works (creation of DreamWorks interactive or its accord with Matsushita, MTV and Tivo in the multimedia technology3. In our case, Microsoft has a lot of threats that will allow it to create this alliance with Facebook. Microsoft is the most powerful industry in its sector and has already demonstrated its abilities in different alliances. Furthermore, Microsoft has a powerful financial stat ement what is an interesting element for Facebook. Microsoft is in negotiation with Facebook to buy 5% of its capital investing between $300 millions and 500% millions . This investment could increase the value of the website at $10 billion. Thanks to this investment the website will become an important actor on the virtual world, and it represents a powerful advertisement platform. This increase in value will permit to discourage the competitors. This alliance will help Microsoft because today, Microsoft has some problems integrating the new web 2. 0. The company has cumulated an important delay in the development of advertisement platform on line. Microsoft failed in the alliance with AOL, EBay, Myspace (investment in advertisement system) against Google and Yahoo. Face to Google, Microsoft takes this new opportunity to improve its situation and relies on Facebook to take some shares of the market . The participation of Microsoft will offer to Facebook some news possibilities to develop with a good partner staying independent. A producing industry requires raw materials-labour, components, and other supplies. This requirement leads to buyer-supplier relationships between the industry and the firms that provide it the raw materials used to create products2. Supplier, if powerful, can exert an influence on the producing industry. The following tables outline some factors that determine supplier power. Suppliers are powerful if:Facebook case: Credible forward integration threat by suppliersFacebook has already worked with partners and with success. It received $500,000 from Peter Theil, co-founder of PayPal. It was also able to get $13 million from Accel Partners, who are also investors in 15 other Web 2. 0 startups, and $25 million from Greylock Partners, making their overall venture equal to approximately $40 million . Suppliers concentratedIt’s not the case of Facebook. They did not concentrate with other suppliers. Customers powerfulCustomers of Facebook are really powerful, they can influence future of Facebook. Customers can influence each others against Facebook. Facebook has a lot of interest in working with Microsoft. Facebook needs partners to develop and because Facebook needs financial investment. Doing an alliance with Microsoft, Facebook will improve its technical skills and increase its finance. Actually, Facebook has more than 40 millions subscribers, it corresponds to an increase of 63% in comparison with the 24 million subscribers in May; and the website quickly won parts of the market against its main competitor Myspace, property of News Corp. The social website Facebook has known a spectacular success. It has more than one million new subscribers each month and its goals is to have 60 million at the end of the year. The main interest for social websites is to have advertisement revenues with appropriate ads for each customer.

Structuration Theory and Reflections †Free Samples to Students

Question: Disuss about the Structuration Theory and Reflections. Answer: Introduction: The article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research written by Paul V Dunmore mainly aims in evaluating the impact of positive approach in accounting study. The current study mainly aims in evaluating the impact of human behaviour on accounting background. Moreover, the article represents overall details in the positive accounting theory, which could help in understanding the ontology as well as the epistemology of the research. Paul V Dunmore in his article mainly identifies the rationale for hypothesis testing, which could be used in detecting viable accoutring research. However, the article also emphasises on Poppers fabrication criterion, which depicts that statistical testing is weaker and cannot be used in detecting the viable accounting theories. The researcher in the study mainly aims in evaluating the above-mentioned article where research questions, theoretical framework, limitations and significance of the article is mainly reviewed. The study effectively investigates and positive accounting approach, which is been depicted in the article. The overall article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research mainly depicts the impact of epistemology and ontology of positive research. In addition, the article mainly evaluates the current practises of accounting, which is not adequate in meeting necessary requirements of research program. Moreover, the article also illustrates the use of human behaviour in accoutring background, which could be used in fundamentally developing the research. Furthermore, the article also explores the overall diverse causes of human behaviour, which is present in an organisation. Nevertheless, the article also evaluates relevant ontological and epistemological comprising projects, which is effective in detecting the shortage associated with positive accounting research. Likewise, scientific research projects are mainly used in the article with the help of hypothesis testing, which could support intellectual enquiries of the research project (Coad, Jack, and Kholeif 2015). Hence, the article pr ovides in-depth illustrations on positive research and accounting. Crum, Hartkens and Hill (2014) stated that identification of adequate method in evaluating the research theories could eventually help in adding relevant researches to the accounting segment. The article also focuses in presenting the concept of ontology and epistemology, which could depict the falsification of hypothesis testing. The article stated in its evaluation of hypothesis, it was clear that many theories were being falsified based on 5% valuation. In addition, accounting theory is mainly an intellectual property, which cannot be quantified using hypotheses technique. Qualitative positive accounting research is also mentioned in the article, which quantifies certain accounting phenomenon to take adequate decisions. The overall limitations and weakness of statistical hypothesis is analysed in the article. Gold, Hunton and Gomaa (2015) mentioned that hypothesis testing is only used in deriving valuation for arithmetical values, while any conceptual instances are not accommodated by the technique. Research Questions or Hypothesis: The article mainly portrays different research questions, which is been used in the article to attain viable research outcome. The following research questions have been used in the article. How to identify whether accounting research could fulfil different scientific objectives? To identify how epistemology and ontology could affect the overall research program? Identify how paradigm can liberate positive accounting with adequate experimenting and theorizing? However, the research question in the article mainly examines the following contents. To identify the ways in which epistemology and ontology could affect a particular research program. To depict the extent in which positive research outcome could help in achieving the scientific objectives. The article mainly depicts that whether positive accounting theory is wider concept in comparison to positive research program. Lastly, the research examines the Kuhns illustration of the normal science, which could be used by positive accounting to attain its potential. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical frameworks that are used in this research for meeting its objectives are briefly depicted as follows: The operation related to balanced self-interest amongst the parties is the result of the phenomena of accounting through express or implied contracts in different types of organisations. This takes into account the choices of accounting choices, which the business managers undertake, pricing and reporting decisions that the auditors undertake, the regulators decisions for setting standards and the professional academic advices. In the words of Ball (2013), it is crucial to ascertain the nature and kind of information undertaken on the part of the investors for making investment decisions. This denotes that the behaviour of the individuals is rational; however, this is not evident for the types of games occurring from the theory associated with positive accounting. Moreover, after examining the various researches of accounting, the settings of accounting have been assessed when coherent behaviour is not present, which is the technique of making judgements for the auditing professionals. In addition, this considers the ways through which the business managers exercise discretion in the performance evaluation systems (Ball 2016). Henceforth, these examples intend to provide evidence that the program pertaining to positive research is broader in contrast to the theory of positive accounting. Any particular research aiming to obtain an overview of the nature and reasons of the phenomena of accounting complies with the scientific accounting research. Scientific ontology and epistemology: According to Beattie (2014), epistemology is a field of science that intends to describe the various approaches available for obtaining an insight of the world. On the contrary, ontology aims to describe the activities and their relation in answering the question. At first, the human agency and the socially created nature of roles, practices and associations represent that the earth has an objective continuation irrespective of the human beings and participants and the activities should not contain rational causes (Carnegie and Napier 2016). Moreover, it is not possible to observe the world irrespective of the experiences of the individuals and descriptions of the participants. Thus, due to these epistemological and ontological issues, the mission to obtain an insight of the causes of accounting phenomena is an exercise, which could not be achieved. The issue related to positive research is the exploration of meaning and experience, as it aims to explore the causes. The different streams of the research with various groups of objectives could live at the same time. Another significant issue is associated with agency. This is because if the individuals have their own will, their moves might lead to causes, which are not consenting to the scientific study. Thus, the general trends in behaviour could be described; however, some auditors and accountants might behave in a different fashion. The causes of behaviour could not be detected in the objective world; however, the same could be conducted in a different place. It has been identified from the case study that rigorous testing of the vulnerable models is necessary for careful analysis of the variable measurements. In addition, the analytical modelling is required to test and develop the theoretical models. For the implementation of analytical modelling in this research program, the field pre-occupation is needed to shift from tractability to plausibility (Guthrie and Parker 2016). The researcher has recommended that higher concentration on measurement is needed rather than testing only. The main reason behind this is that a bias in strong publication is evident against the accounting dimension by not taking into account the linking of the same with the theory. The lack of resources in accounting is there because of the unavailability of sufficient resources (Penman 2016). Limitations and significance of the Article: The current article helps to gain a deep understanding about the process of positive accounting from a broader point of view of a research program that has the intention to prepare certain casual association of the behaviours of the human in the set of accounting. The research also assists in developing deep understanding about the project of intellectual research that helps to understand the cause and effect relationship of the globe. The study is also helpful to understand the various scientific research programs in economic as well as accounting that can be seen as the process of positive research (Edwards 2013). The study has establishes the fact with the help of various examples that the positive research program is greater and broader than the theory of positive accounting. The article has been successful to gain knowledge about different accounting theories and the way the science of Kuhn can be presented as a suitable aspect for positive accounting research. However, the prim ary output that consists of statistical results contains un-interpretable linking of coefficient (Carnegie 2014). Apart from some major significance, there are some major limitations of the process of positive accounting research. The rationale behind the testing of statistical hypothesis to the falsification measure of Popper is weak. One of the major limitations of the research process of positive accounting is the development of various kinds of casual theoretical model. However, a major gap can be seen between the actual process of the research of positive accounting and what are needed to carry on different kinds of intellectual program. On the other hand, the Kuhn description also fails to offer correct viewpoint about the world (Parker 2013). Apart from this, the concept alignment between ontology and epistemology in relation to some particular accounting theories can be considered as non-illusive. Another significant limitation of the study is that it has been successful to recognize the fact that the progress rate of various kinds of scientific projects is very slow. Hence, for the purp ose of positive contribution to different kinds of scientific projects, the princess of positive accounting can also make slow progress, as the present progress is illusive. Thus, it can be said that the concept of the article has not explained the way of making positive contribution to various kinds of scientific projects; and the article has not explained the way to advance the process of positive accounting in a faster rate. Conclusion: From the above study, it can be said that the main objective of the current study is to inspect various aspects of epistemology along with ontology in the positive research. From the analysis, it can be considered that the present accounting practices does not correctly fulfil the required criteria of positive accounting process. From the major findings of the study, it can be said that different accounting model derived from various analytical results cannot be examined, as they all are untraceable and inadequately developed. Hence, from the above discussion, it can be ascertained that there is a strong need for better and effective accounting measurement tools that can have a rigorous scope of testing. Apart from this, it is needed in the positive accounting research to incorporate estimation and it is needed to shift the focus from the process of hypothesis testing, as it is not the effective process. Furthermore, the present study also helps to conclude that there is a strong nee d to develop the process of data archiving for the purpose of the enumeration of accounting concepts. Overall, it can be said that the process of positive accounting has a great significance. References and Bibliography: Ball, R., 2013. Accounting informs investors and earnings management is rife: Two questionable beliefs.Accounting Horizons,27(4), pp.847-853. Ball, R., 2016. Why We Do International Accounting Research.Journal of International Accounting Research,15(2), pp.1-6. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Bublitz, B., Philipich, K. and Blatz, R., 2015. An Example of the Use of Research Methods and Findings as an Experiential Learning Exercise in an Accounting Theory Course.Journal of Instructional Pedagogies,16. Carnegie, G.D. and Napier, C.J., 2016. Historiography in Accounting Research. Coad, A., Jack, L. and Kholeif, A.O.R., 2015. Structuration theory: reflections on its further potential for management accounting research.Qualitative Research in Accounting Management,12(2), pp.153-171. Crum, W.R., Hartkens, T. and Hill, D.L.G., 2014. Non-rigid image registration: theory and practice.The British Journal of Radiology. Carnegie, G., 2014. Historiography for accounting: Methodological contributions, contributors and thought patterns from 1983 to 2012.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(4), pp.715-755. Dalla Man, C., Pillonetto, G., Riz, M. and Cobelli, C., 2015. An index of parameter reproducibility accounting for estimation uncertainty: theory and case study on -cell responsivity and insulin sensitivity.American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism,308(11), pp.E971-E977. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Gold, A., Hunton, J.E. and Gomaa, M.I., 2015. Retraction: The Impact of Client and Auditor Gender on Auditors' Judgments.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.743-743. Guthrie, J. and Parker, L.D., 2016. Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), pp.2-10. Lukka, K. and Vinnari, E., 2014. Domain theory and method theory in management accounting research.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(8), pp.1308-1338. Parker, L.D., 2013. Contemporary university strategising: the financial imperative.Financial Accountability Management,29(1), pp.1-25. Penman, S., 2016. Valuation: accounting for risk and the expected return.Abacus,52(1), pp.106-130. Power, M.K. and Gendron, Y., 2015. Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(2), pp.147-165.